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Executions Cossacks in Lebedin ((ウクライナ語:Катівня в Лебедині)), ((ロシア語:Казни казаков в Лебедине)) was a large scale execution of Ukrainian Cossacks suspected of having sided with Hetman Ivan Mazepa after his break with Tsar Peter I during the Great Northern War. Cossack officials summoned to the Council of Hlukhiv who did not report to it were arrested, tortured and executed for treason. The exact number of victims is not known, but the minutes of the historical accounts indicate at least 900. ==Background== The persecutions started with a decree by Tsar Peter issued on November 1, 1708 which read "And those who by this Decree, having forgotten the fear of God and the Oath to Us, the Great Tsar, and the wholeness and indivisibility of the Motherland from him, the thief and traitor Mazepa, and from this enemy shall not depart, and to Us, the Great Tsar, would not return in the course of this month, i.e. by the 1st of December 1708, shall be declared our and our Motherland's traitors. And their titles and estates and all belongings shall be confiscated and given to the faithful ones for their service. And the wives and children (the traitors ) shall be sent into internal exile. And those caught shall be executed without mercy."〔А буде кто по сим нашим, великого государя, указом, забыв страх Божий и присягу свою к нам, великому государю, и целость отчизны своей от него, вора и изменника Мазепы, и от неприятеля нашего не отстанет и к нам, великому государю, не возвратитца во время месяца, то есть декабря по первое число 1708 г., тех объявляем изменников наших и отчизны вашей. И будут их чины и маетности и пожитки их отобраны и розданы верным за службы их. Також жены и дети их взяты и сосланы будут в ссылку. А кто из них пойманы будут, и те, яко изменники, казнены будут смертью без пощады()〕 Consequently, an investigative commission was set up by Peter I in Lebedin. The commission was presided by Alexander Menshikov 〔(NA Markevich. History of Little Russia Chapter XLVII )〕 All those suspected of loyalty to Mazepa, including those who did not report to the Hlukhiv Rada council, were taken to Lebedin for torture and execution. Archbishop Konissky wrote: :"Execution was an ordinary Menshikov's Craft: the wheel, putting on a stake, but the easiest, a happy toy, is hanging and having their heads cut off. Guilt them to seek recognition of their own, and to serve as a reliable praiseworthy means by the mystery - of torture, which is a dogma and still it is known of this Russian proverb: do not stick an angel, soul he shall not take off, and tell the truth, and which was carried on with the utmost accuracy and the direction of the Catholic Code is, in other words: the degree and the order-whip, whip and splint i.e., hot iron, are led with the meekness and hesitation and slowness of the body of a man from the seething, who is welded together and sitting. After passing one test enters the second, and all of them who could not stand it, they recognized their guilt and were led to execution. Were affected in such a way as not overcoming torture, nine people, the number of these things, perhaps, increased, but, judging from the cemetery, excommunicated from the Christian and known as Getmantsy (people ), it must be concluded that not all of them were buried there". :Reliability of events (in particular, the number of executions) is the subject of debate.〔(Efimenko AP Tomb Getmantsev in Lebedin / / Kyiv old. - 1884. - V. 8. - № 4. - S. 693-695. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Executions of Cossacks in Lebedin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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